via access to fresh water and a healthy diet.
We now have conclusive evidence that all vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, fish) and some invertebrates (cephalopods like octopuses, and decapod crustaceans like crabs) possess nociceptors (pain receptors) and behavioral responses indicating pain. The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (2012) stated that "humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness." via access to fresh water and a healthy diet
Should we expand on or historical milestones ? "Abolitionism is utopian
"Abolitionism is utopian. If you demand perfection (veganism), you alienate the 99% of the population who eat meat. By passing welfare laws, we actually reduce suffering. A hen in a free-range barn is suffering less than a hen in a battery cage. That matters." A hen in a free-range barn is suffering
For centuries, the relationship between humans and non-human animals was defined primarily by utility. Animals were tools for labor, subjects for scientific experimentation, commodities for food, and companions for leisure. However, the late 20th and early 21st centuries have witnessed a profound shift in moral philosophy. Today, the terms dominate conversations in legislative halls, agricultural boardrooms, and environmental activist camps. But while these two concepts are often used interchangeably in casual conversation, they represent fundamentally distinct—and sometimes conflicting—approaches to how we treat our fellow earthlings.