Many such "leaked" photos are shared without consent or are digitally altered (deepfakes), which violates the privacy and dignity of the individuals involved [4, 5].

These sites are frequently loaded with aggressive pop-up trackers, forced redirects, and fake virus alerts designed to steal personal details or financial information.

It is worth noting that even legitimate search engines can sometimes display confusing or misleading results for sensitive queries. For instance, a search for "Nangi Bollywood Actress" primarily returns pages about actresses named "Amita Nangia" or content about the film " Nagina " from 1986— the explicit content the user is seeking. This mismatch occurs because search algorithms prioritize keywords, not user intent, and legitimate pages may be algorithmically surfaced for queries containing similar-sounding words.

Clicking unknown, spam-generated links can trigger drive-by downloads, infecting mobile devices or computers with adware, spyware, or ransomware.