Assigning symbols or numbers to answers for categorization.

C.R. Kothari’s Research Methodology is a widely used, practical framework for planning, conducting, and presenting research—especially in social sciences. Below is a clear, natural-toned walkthrough you can adapt into a PowerPoint (PPT) or use as an article. I arrange it so each section maps cleanly to one or more slides.

A foundational presentation must begin by defining what research actually is according to Kothari's framework. Research is not merely gathering facts; it is a purposive, systematic search for truth. Key Definitions