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: Fragment F1: 100 queries from site A, 10 from B, 0 from C. Updates: 5 from A, 20 from B, 0 from C. Cost of remote read=1, remote write=10. Local read=0, local write=0 (costs). Find allocation.

Exercises test edge cases by asking: "What happens if a participant or the coordinator crashes at step X?"

Use Bloom filters to reduce communication for joining R(A) at site1 and S(A) at site2.

Tuples(S′)=10,000×0.1=1,000 tuplesTuples open paren cap S prime close paren equals 10 comma 000 cross 0.1 equals 1 comma 000 tuples Send the reduced relation S′cap S prime back to Site 1.

A classic exercise solution to reduce communication cost. Instead of sending an entire Table A to Table B’s site for a join, the system sends only the joining column of A. Table B filters its rows against this column and sends back only the matching records. This drastically reduces the volume of data crossing the network. Concurrency Control and Consistency