Deep in the heart of the chip, a danced up and down. A tiny comparator would look at the signal from the guards and compare it to this sawtooth dance. This is how the chip decided the "Duty Cycle"—essentially, how long the power should stay "on" versus "off". The Quest for Stability
If the output voltage exceeds target calculations under zero-load conditions, verify that the Error Amplifier output on Pin 3 is not clamped high. A minimum dummy load resistor across the output filter capacitors is recommended to maintain loop stability. tl494 circuit diagram
Collector and Emitter pins of the first internal output transistor. Deep in the heart of the chip, a danced up and down
The TL494 was famously used in many ATX computer power supplies, often paired with an LM393 comparator. While modern supplies use newer ICs, the basic design remains an excellent educational tool and is effective for building custom high-power supplies. The Quest for Stability If the output voltage