Once the hardware has been successfully flashed with clean firmware, you must set up your computer environment correctly to prevent the device from bricking again.

Copy the loader to the main installation folder (usually C:\Ross-Tech\VCDS ).

Test with FT_Prog / MProg

(read-out protection enabled or damaged):

For STM32 chips: An (very inexpensive and widely available). For ATMEGA162 chips: An USBASP or TL866II Plus programmer.